八年级英语下册 知识点总结 冀教版

八年级英语第一单元知识点归纳

1. be scared of sb./sth. 恐惧某人/某物

2. go up 上升 ， 与rise 同义，与go down 或set 相反

3. make a noise 发出声响，吵闹

4. arrive in 到达，表示到达某一城市、国家等大地方时，用介词in;表示到达某一村庄、车站等小地方时，用介词at ；到达的地方用副词表示时，可不用介词。

5. not?until?直到??才??

6. see?doing?停止做某事

7. go cycling 相当于 go to ride a bike ,意思是去骑车。

8. nit sb. on the head 表示“打某人的头”，表示的“打某人的脸”要用hit sb. in the face 。

9. turn around 转身

10. fall off 摔下来

11. give sb. a push 推某人一下

12. help sb. do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事

13. get off 从??下来，通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等。

14. think about 思考、想起、想到（某人或某事）

15. all day 一整天

16. one by one 一个接一个地，类似有year by year 一年又一年；day by day 一天又一天。

17. hold on 有两个意思，一个是“（电话）不挂断”；一个是“抓紧”。

18. come down 下来

八年级英语第二单元知识点归纳

1. grow into 长成??

2. pass sb. sh. = pass sth. to sb. 递给某人某物

3. billions of 数十亿的，hundred, thousand, million , billion等词前面有具体数字时，其本身用单数形式，直接修饰名词；表示一个笼统的概念时，这些词用复数形式，而且常与介词of连用修饰名词。

4. look after = take care of 照顾，照料。

5. be full of 满，充满=be filled with

6. be made of/from由??制成，be made of 表示在制成的过程中，原材料没有发生质的变化；be made from 表示在制成的过程中，原材料发生质的变化。be made by 被（某人）制造；be made in 在（某地）制造

7. carry away 把??搬（移）走

8. on the tree 在树上，指的是树上本身的东西，即长在树上；in the tree 也表示在树上，但它所指的是外来的东西，不是树本身的东西。

9. make ?into 把??制成??

10. half of ??中的一半，当它所指代的是不可数名词时，代表单数，如果half of 后边所接的是可数名词的复数，那么它所代表的也是复数概念。

11. look like 看起来像

12. use ? to do sth.用??来做??，其中to do sth. 表示目的和用途。

13. put ? outside /on /into?把??放在??的外边/上面/里面

14. turn into 变成；turn?into? 把??变成??

八年级英语第三单元知识点归纳

1. play with与??一起玩；拿??来玩

2. slow down 慢下来

3. come from = be from 来自

4. all kinds of 各种各样的 ； different kinds of 不同种类的； a kind of 一种

5. protect sb. /sth. against/ from sth. 保护、保卫某人/某事物不受??的侵害。

6. go extinct 灭绝

7. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事（在主动语态中from可以省略，在被动语态中from不可以省略）

8. make friends with 与??交朋友

9. take photos of ?给某人照相

10. wake up 醒来

11. have a good day 玩的愉快

12. play a joke on ?开某人的玩笑，戏弄某人；have a joke with sb. 与某人一起以某事取笑；make a joke about/of sb./sth. 拿某人（某事）开玩笑

13. stand still 一动不动地站着

14. get out of 除外走动；get out of sth./doing sth.逃避（责任或义务），不做份内的事，（使某人）放弃、停止或戒除（习惯等）

15. be famous / well-known for 以??著名，以??闻名； be famous as 著名的??

16. get married 结婚

二、词语辨析

1. through ,across穿过

through 指“从里面（中心）穿过”，其含义与in有关，尤指森林、人群等。

across 指“从表面通过”，其含义与on有关

2. nearly , almost 几乎，差不多

almost 表达的程度比nearly更接近一些。

nearly不能用于修饰否定词，但可被not修饰。

3. above , over 在??上方

above 是介词，表“在??上方”，“比??还高”，与below相反。

over 也有“在??上方”的意思，但是它着重指正上方，或盖在上面的意思，而above 并不强调在正

八年级英语第四单元知识点归纳

1. look into 研究，调查

2. do an experiment 做一个试验

3. fill/cover with用??把??装满/盖住；fill in 填上

4. upside down 向下翻转过来

5. right side up 正面朝上

6. turn over 使??翻转

7. in front of 在??前面（在范围外）；in the front of 在??前面（在范围内）

8. on top of 在顶端

9. take sth. off sth. 使某物离开或脱离（一表面或边缘）；take off （指飞机等）起飞，匆忙离去；take sth. off （从身上）除掉、脱下（衣物等）

10. be ready for 准备

11. take away 取走

12. be surprised 使惊奇

13. a spoonful of 一匙

14. dissolve in 溶化，溶解

15. half full of ?一半

16. use up 用光，用完

17. enough to do sth. 足够??做某事

二、辨析

1. find , look for , hunt 找

find 强调找的结果，意为“找到”

look for 强调动作过程，“寻找”

hunt, hunt for sb. sth. 意思寻找，寻找某人某物，与look for 同义。

八年级英语第五单元知识点归纳

1. go to...on foot=walk to...：步行去...

2. Of course.=Sure.=Certainly：当然！

3. take a ship：坐轮船

4. a new type of ：一种新型的...

5. high-speed trains：高速列车

6. in large numbers：大量的

7. had better+动词原形：最好... 否定：had better not+动原

8. in a hurry：匆忙

9. make presentation：发言；演讲

10. glue sth onto...：把某物粘到...上

11. at the front of：在...前面（强调平面空间） in the front of强调立体空间。

12. get+形容词=be+形容词：变得...

13. in the future：在将来

14. send sb from one place to another place：把某人从一个地方送到另一个地方

15. learn about：学习关于... think about：思考；考虑

16. present sth to：向...展示某物 八年级英语第六单元知识点归纳

1. connect to：连接到...

2. hear from sb：收到某人的来信

3. in small groups：在小群体中

4. in a short time：在短时间内

5. thousands of：数以千计的 hundreds of：数以百计的

6. answer the phone：接电话

7. right now=at once：立刻；马上；现在

8. take a message for sb：给某人留口信

9. wait a moment：等一下

10. chat on the Internet：网上聊天

11. millions of：成千上万的

12. get/buy sth for sb：为某人买某物

13. fail to do sth：做某事失败

14. feel like doing sth=want to do sth：想要做某事

八年级英语第七单元知识点归纳

1.be abroad：在国外 go abroad：出国

2.pen pal：笔友

3.travel around the world：环游世界

4.four main oceans：四大洋

5.give a report：作报告

6.at the end=finally：最后

7.keep doing sth：一直做某事

8.look up：查找 八年级英语第八单元知识点归纳

1. pick up：捡起

2. clean up：清理

3. finish doing sth：做完某事

4. throw away：扔掉；乱丢

5. reusable bags：可重复使用的袋子

6. give prizes：颁奖

7. leaking toilet：卫生间渗漏

8. make into：制作成

9. worry about：担心

10. try not to do：试着不要做

11. make the most pollution：造成最大的污染

12. make less pollution：减少污染

13. the next day：第二天

14. take a walk：散步

15. sort into：分类成

16. make out of：用...制造

第二篇：九年级英语 全册知识点总结 冀教版

九年级英语第一单元知识点归纳

1.break a world record 打破世界记录

2.get a gold medal 获得金牌 3.with a time of … 用…时间

4.at the same time 同时 5.up and down 上上下下

6.set a world record创造世界记录

7.as fast as possible 尽快

8.believe in sb 信任某人 believe sb 相信某人的话

9. make sb proud使某人感到自豪 10. give up 放弃

11.be able to do sth能够做某事 be unable to do 不能做

某事 12. at the age of … 在…岁的时候

13.catch up with 赶上 14. none of 一个也没有

15.fall off 掉下 16.do one’s best 尽某人的努力

17.the others 别的

九年级英语第二单元知识点归纳

1. take turns 轮流, 交替

2. hold a world record 保持世界记录

3. be located in / on …位于

4. be proud of 以…自豪

5. on average 通常

6. on record 记载下来有

7. four times as --- as --- 是…四倍

8. think of 想出

9. find out 了解, 找出

10.some more 更多一些

11.try to do sth 试着去做某事

12.all over the world 遍及全世界

13.be full of 装满

14.it’s + adj.+ for sb to do sth 对某人干某事怎么样

15.it’s time for sb to do sth 某人该干某事了

16.such as 例如

17.take part in 参与

18.that’s very kind of sb to do sth某人做事太好

九年级英语第三单元知识点归纳

1.pay …for… 付钱, 赔偿 2.make money 挣钱

3.something to eat 吃的东西

4. what’s the price of … 价钱是…

5. get up 起床 6.be hard to do sth 做某事难

7.come up to 到达 8.go over to 走过

9.give sth back to sb 把… 还给某人

10.do / deal with 处理

11.elementary school 小学 12.hold up 挂起

13.on the Internet 在互联网上

14.what else别的什么 15.hear of 听说

16.set up 创建

17.have success in 在…取得成功 business hours 营业时间

18.any other 别的

九年级英语第四单元知识点归纳

1. wake up 醒来 2. what’s wrong with …怎么了

3. get a cold 感冒 4. get dressed穿衣

5. be weak in 在… 薄弱 6. point to 指向…

7. ook up 查字典 8. out of breath 上气不接下气

9. miss school 没去上学 10. take medicine吃药

11. breathe through the nose通过鼻子呼吸的

12. must be 一定 表示推测 否定：can’be

13. stay healthy 保持健康

14. be different from 不同于…

15. be made from /of由…制成 16. be bad for对..有害

17. get a pain in …在…哪痛

18. dare to do sth 敢于做某事 19. think about 考虑

20. get married结婚 21. fall ill 生病

22. as soon as 一…就

23. the more, the better 越多越好

九年级英语第五单元知识点归纳

1. be famous for 以…而著名

2. learn sth from 从… 学到东西

3. be born in+地点 / on +时间：出生于…

4. not … until ….直到…才… 5. make a mistake 犯错

6. so… that …如此…以至 7. so that 为了,以便

8. come up with 想出, 提出

9. in the 1960s 在二十世纪 六十年代

10. devote to do sth 致力于.. 11. because of 因为

12. in one’s spare time 在空余时间

13. it’s said that 据说

14. nothing but 除了…什么也没有

15. day after day 一天又一天

16. in a difficult situation 在困难情况下

17. talk about 谈论

18. in the same year在同一年

19. give first aid 进行急救

20. make an example 举例

21. in the Anti-Japanese War 在抗日战争中

22. die of 死于…

九年级英语第六单元知识点归纳

1.have an accident 发生事故 2.take care of 照顾

3.warn sb ( not ) to do sth 提醒某人(不)干某事

4. there’s something wrong with …有毛病

5.stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人干某事

6.instead of 代替

7.long, long ago 很久以前 8.be careful 小心

9.it takes sb sometime/some money to do sth花某…时间/金

钱干某事 10.from then on 从那时起

11.don’t have to do sth 没必要做某事

12fall on the top of 掉在…上面

13. on the edge of 在…边沿 14.hurt oneself 伤到自己

下册第一单元知识点归纳

1. know / learn …by heart 记住…背诵…

2. need to do sth 必须做某事

3. look / sound / feel / like …看/听/感觉起来像…

4. think of 想起…

5. hear / see sb do / doing …听/看某人干某事

6. start / end with….从…开始/以...结束

7. express oneself 表达自己

8. at the moment 此时

9. a set number of 一定数量的

10. either …or …或者…或者…

11. both …and 两者都.

12. fill in 填入

13.look up 向上看. 查字典

14.another two 另外两个

15.different kinds of 各种不同类型的

16.go ahead .向前 走吧 说吧 干吧

17.in the middle of 在…中间

18.be related to 与…有关

第二单元知识点归纳

1. combine …and ...和…结合

2. neither … or …既不…也不

3. the answer to the question：问题的答案

4. not only … but also…不仅…而且

5. the same as…与…一样

6. divide sth in half 把某物分成两半

7. no longer不再

8. had better ( not ) do sth 最好(别)干某事

9. play chess 下棋

10.say hello to sb 向某人问好

11.what if 如果…将会怎样

12.generally speaking 通常来说

13.except for 除…外

14.for example例如

15.prefer… to 与…比较更喜欢…

16.prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿…而不愿…

第三单元知识点归纳

1. be different from 不同于…

2. make a mistake 犯错

3. pick up 拾起

4. be full of 装满

5. keep doing sth 保持干某事

6. point to 指向…

7. introduce … to …把…介绍给…

8. eat up 吃光

9. as soon as 一…就…

10.talk about / with / to 交谈

11.give sth back to sb 把某物还给…

12.have trouble with 在…遇到麻烦

13.face to face 面对面

14.at the end of在…的最后

15.in good Chinese tradition 按照中国的良好传统

16.no problem 没问题

17.never mind 别担心

18.depend on 依靠 视情况而定

19.again and again 反复地

20.praise …for …因…表扬…

21.give sth back to sb 把…还给

22.given name 名字

23.family name 姓氏

第四单元知识点归纳

1. spend sometime/some money on sth：在某事上花费…时间/

金钱

2. have a fight with sb和某人争吵

3. be bad for对…不利

4. have / hold a meeting 开会

5. be angry with sb/sth=be mad at sb/sth 生某人/某事的气

6. agree to do sth 同意做某事 agree with sb 同意某人意见

7. either of 两个都

8. belong to 属于

9. the student council 学生会

10.make a friend with sb 和某人交朋友

11.understand each other 相互了解

12.a number of 成员

13.the Garden of Eden 伊甸园

14.at last 最后

15.have a talk 谈话

16.and so on 等等

17.to be honest 说实话

18.the Garden of Eden 伊甸园

第五单元知识点归纳

1. how do you feel about …= what do you think of 对…感

觉如何

2. teach sb sth 教某人某事

3. knock on /at the door敲门

4. hang up 把…挂起

5. it’ time for …到…时候了

6. help yourself to sth 请随便吃…

7. turn on /off 打开/关闭

8. hand in /out 上交/分发

9. would you mind doing sth 介意我做某事吗

10. it’s very kind of sb to do sth 某人做事真是太好了

11.be / get ready for 准备做…

12.get sth ready 准备好某物

13.be different from 不同于…

14.not …at all一点也不

15.regard sth/sb as把某人/当作…

16.from now on 从现在起

17.three percent of 百分之三

18.compare to /with 与…相比

第六单元知识点归纳

1. grow up 长大 2.be free 有空,自由

2. be busy doing 忙于做某事 at first 首先

3. graduate from毕业于 up to 达到

4. pay attention to 注意

5. cut down 砍下

6. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事

7. make progress 取得进步

8. step by step 一步一步地

9. be worth doing sth 值得做某事

10.even if 即使. 纵然

11.get a chance to do sth 有机会干某事

12.as many as 230 million多达二亿三千万

13.leave for 起程去…

14.shout at 对…大声喊

15.leave sb alone 让某人单独留下

16.spend one’s vacation 度过某人的假期

第三篇：20xx最新版八年级英语下册单元知识点归纳

20xx年新版八年级英语下册知识点

Unit 1. what’s the matter?

一．重点短语归纳

1. foot---feet 脚 <复> tooth---teeth 牙齿 <复>

2. have a cold 感冒

3. have a stomachache 胃疼

4. have a sore back背疼

5. have a sore throat喉咙疼

6. have a fever发烧

7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息

8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶

9. see a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor 看医生

10.drink lots of water多喝水

11.lots of ,a lot of, a lot

a lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：

There are lots of （ a lot of） books in our library.

There is a lot of water on the ground

a lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思； Thanks a lot.

12. have a toothache牙疼

13. That’s a good idea好主意

14. go to bed 去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉

15. feel well感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服

I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well

我感觉不舒服.

16. start doing/ to do sth开始做某事

TO DO 是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情

DOING是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。

17. two days ago两天前

18. get some rest 多休息, 休息一会儿

19. I think so我认为是这样

20. be thirsty口渴

21. be hungry 饥饿

22. be stressed out紧张

23. listen to music听音乐

24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式

25. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医

26. need to do sth 需要做某事

I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist. 我牙痛, 我需要去看牙医. We need to keep our classroom clean. 我们需要保持教室的干净.

27. a balance of yin and yang阴阳平衡

28. for example例如

29. too much yin太多的阴, 阴气太盛

too much + 不可数名词 太多的…

much too +形/副 实在太… 极其，非常

too many + 可数名词复数 太多的…

30.be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 ，对什么有好处

be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害

be good to 对…好

be good at =do well in 在……方面好，擅长

be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法

1.be good for 对......有益

Doing morning exercises is good for your health.

做早操对你们的建康有益。

2.be good at 擅长于......

Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅长于篮球。

= Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅长于打篮球。 be good at = do well in 如：

I'm good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅长于数学。

3.be good to 对......好

Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。

31.get good grades 取得好成绩

32.angry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的气

I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。

be angry at/ about sth 就某事生气

33.Chinese medicine 中药

34.be popular in + some place 在某地很流行

Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries. 现在中药在许多西方国家受欢迎。

35.in western countries在西方国家

36.It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。 It’s important to do sth . 做某事很重要。

37.balanced diet平衡饮食

38.get tired 感到疲倦 be/get tired

39.go out at night在晚上出去

When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night. 疲倦时，晚上你不该外出

40.stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health

41.at the moment此时，此刻= now

I’m not feeling very well at the moment

42.enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,

enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth

enjoy oneself (myself, yourself,herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself 反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun

43. conversation practice会话练习

44. host family 寄宿家庭

45. have a lot of headaches经常疼痛

I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。

46. a few + 可数名词复数 少许…

a little + 不可数名词/形/副 一点…

47.He shouldn’t eat anything

=He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.

48.give sb some advice给某人建议give advice 提出建议

advice 是不可数名词

a piece of advice 一则建议 take one’s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议

He gave me some good advice.

他向我提了一些很好的意见。

49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小时

50.take medicine 吃药 服药

I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。

二 固定结构

It’s +形 + for sb. + to do sth.

做某事对某人来说是…的。

It’s important to do sth .做某事很重要。

It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的. It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。

It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的

三．重点句子

1.What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？

=What’s the trouble with you?=What’s wrong with you?

I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache

2.That’s too bad. You should / shouldn’t … 那太糟糕了. 你应该/不该…

You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .

He shouldn’t eat anything = He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.

3.I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替

I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.

4.When did it start ? About two days ago . 什么时候开始的？大约两天前

5.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起来

这里better是well的比较级

6.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。

这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语

7.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef. 你应该吃一些像牛肉之类的阳性食物。

8.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.

吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。

9.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.

太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。too much后跟不可数名词，而too many后跟可数名词复数

10.It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . 有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。

→ It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要

11.You should rest for a few nights. 你应该休息几个晚上

12.I study late every night, sometimes until 2 am, but I don’t think I’m improving.

我每天晚上学到很晚，有时到凌晨2点钟，但我认为我没有提高。

13believe in 信任某人，强调品质，believe sb.相信某人的话

I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.

他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。

14 .I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist .

→ need意思为 “需要” ，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为don’t /doesn’t / didn’t need (to do sth.) ；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为needn’t(do sth.) ，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化

四．知识结构

1.情态动词should的用法 ○

should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为"应该......"。

should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。

eg. You should wait a little more.

你应该再多等一会儿。

--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。

--- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。

2maybe与may be ○

1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如： Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。 He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。 2.may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如： He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。 She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师 3too many,too much与much too ○

。

1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如： There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。 2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如： We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做

3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：

The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.

箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。

4 few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系： ○

1.few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示有肯定意思， 有几个。 例如：

He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。

2.little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。

a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。 例如：

There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?

我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？

5 not…until 直到 …(否定句) 才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词 ○

She didn’t leave until we came.

He went shopping after he got up.

=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.

……until/till 直到··· （肯定句）动词为延续性动词

We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.

Unit 2 I'll help clean the city parks.

一．知识点： 短语动词小结

常见短语动词结构有下面几种：

1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜

这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动

词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放

在短语动词后。

2. 动词+介词 如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于

这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。

3. 动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出

run out of 用完，耗尽

4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住

1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高兴

clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫

2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n. 家

4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语

ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ，不能作定语

5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献

volunteer n. 志愿者

6. come up with 提出 想出 === think up 想出

catch up with 赶上 追上

7. put off doing 推迟做某事

put on 穿上 (指过程)

put up 张贴

8. write down 写下 记下

9. call up 打电话

make a telephone call 打电话

10. set up 成立 建立

The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在20xx年成立的。

11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用 every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用

12. put …to use 把… 投入使用，利用

They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用

13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study

help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English

help do 帮助做某事 help study

14. plan to do 计划做某事

plan + 从句

I plan to go to Beijing. === I plan (that) I will go to Beijing.

我计划去北京。

15. spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting Beijing.

我花了一天的时间去参观北京。

spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.

16.not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分

(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。

因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要

把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：

①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.

我不仅能做到而且做得最好。

⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如：

①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。

②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。

常见的就近原则的结构有：

①Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。

②Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)Either Lily or you are a student. ③Not only …but (also)…

④There be

17. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党

take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如：

take part in sports meeting 参加运动会

18. run out 与 run out of

①run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本

身就含有被动意义。

His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。

My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。

Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。

②run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。

He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。

两者在一定条件下可以互换

如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了

= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。

Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time

19. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像

be similar to 与..相像 take after 相像

look after 照顾 take care of 照顾

20. work out v. + adj.

①结局，结果为

The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。 ②算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）

He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。

He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。

I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。

21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛

I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。

22. be able to do 能 会

be unable to do 不能 不会

23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如：

thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我

24. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问

You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。

25. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…

She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。

26. like prep. 像…

27. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)

I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out.

我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。

28. train n. 火车 train v. 训练

train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事

She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。

29. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如：

Do it at once. 马上去做。

I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。

30. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如： One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。

Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。

31. specially adv. 特意地 专门地 特别地 special adj. 特别的

32. donation n. 捐赠物 donate v. 捐赠 赠送

33. part of speech 词性 词类

34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能

35. hand out 分发 hand out bananas

give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人

give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟

give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to …. give away money to kids give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱

give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线

36. volunteer ①可数名词 “志愿者” ②adj. 自愿的

vi. volunteer to do sth

They are the Chinese People’s Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。 I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。

37. no longer = not … any longer 指时间上不再延续。

no more = not … any more 指动作上不再延续。

二．短语

1.clean up 清扫

2.give out 分发，发放

3.cheer up=make…happier 使...高兴，使...振作

4.after school study program 课外学习班

5.come up with=think up 提出，想出

6.put off 推迟

7.write down 写下，记下

8.put up 张贴

9.hand out 分发，发放

10.call up 打电话

11.ser up=establish 建立

12.be home to sb 是某人的家园

13.volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花时间干...

14.put…to use… 把...投入使用

15.elementary school 小学

16.plan to do sth 计划干...打算干

17.coach a football team for kids 训练少年足球队

18.start a Chinese History club 开办一个中国史俱乐部

19.run out of 用完，耗尽

20.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象

21.fix up 修理

22.give away 捐赠

23.be similar to 与...相似

24.ask for 索要

25.a call-in center for parents 家长热线

26.hang out 闲荡

27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 张贴寻求唱歌工作的广告

28.run out of money for singing lessons 学唱歌的钱用完了

29.disabled people 残疾人

30.for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问

31.fill…with... 用...填充... be full of 装满了...

32.help...out 帮助...做事，解决难题（摆脱困境）

33.a specially trained dog 一只经过特殊训练的狗

34.train sb to do sth 训练某人干...

35.fetch my book 把我的书拿来

36.part of speech 词性

三．句子

1．We can’t put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. 我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。

2．She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school. 她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用

3．Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 帮助别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。

4．The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school. 这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。

5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。

6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 几米想出的这个办法很效。

7．He did a radio interview. 他接受了电台的采访。

8．We need to come up with a plan. 我们需要指定一个计划。

9．You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。

10．He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who

don’t have bikes. 他现在有16辆要修理的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?

一．重要词组及短语

1. could you please do sth.? 你能……吗？/ 请你干……好吗？

2. do the chores 做杂务

3. do the dishes 洗餐具

4. sweep the floor 清扫地板

5. take out the trash 倒垃圾

6. make one's bed 铺床

7. fold one's clothes 叠衣服

8. clean the living room 清扫客厅

9. stay out late 晚归

10. come over 过来

11. have a test 考试

12. get a ride 搭车

13. use one's computer 使用某人的电脑

14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 讨厌某事/做某事 like to do (doing) sth.

15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服

16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭

17. wash the car 刷车

18. work on 从事，忙于

work at 学习、致力于、在……上下工夫

19. borrow some money 借一些钱

borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)

lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出) You can borrow some money from your brother. 你可以向你哥哥借些钱。

Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗？

20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事

They invited me to join their club. 他们邀请我参加俱乐部。 invite sb to a place

invite you to my party

21. go to the store 去商店

22. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事

agree with sb. 同意某人的意见

disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事

disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见

23. take care of = look after 照顾、照看、照料

take good care of = look after … well 把……照管得好

26. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步

27. play with sb. 和某人玩

28. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(做过)

（1）do, make 短语归类

do the dishes 洗餐具

do my homework 做我的家庭作业

do chores 做家务，处理琐事

do the laundry 洗衣

do the shopping 购物

do some reading 读书

make your bed 铺床

make breakfast 做早餐

make dinner 做晚饭

make tea 泡茶，沏茶

make a cup of coffee 冲一杯咖啡

（2）关于 to 的短语总结：

have to do sth. 不得不，必须做某事

need to do sth. 需要做某事 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事

like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事

love to do sth. 热爱做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事

start to do sth. 开始做某事 begin to do sth. 开始做某事

ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事

二．重点句型

1. Could you please clean your room?

Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.

2. Could I please use the car?

Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.

在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了 can, could 之外，还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：

Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?

作允答可以各种各样：

如同意可以说 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说 Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.

如果不同意，可以说 I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。

Unit4.Why don’t you talk to your parents?

一. 重要词汇和句型

1. get ( 1 ) 买 get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth. 为某人买某物

Can you when you go shopping ? == Can you when you go shopping ?

( 2 ) 得到, 到达 Where did you the book ?

When did you the letter ? He home late last night .

(3) 使, 让 get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人\ 某物 怎么样

Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed . get sb. to do sth. 使某人\ 某物做某事

I Jim yesterday .

(4) ( 逐渐) 变得…The weather warmer and days longer . Why did the teacher angry ?

2. how about \ what about 后跟名词\ 代词\ 动词ing形式。

( 1) 向对方提出建议或请求

How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ?

(2) 向对方征求意见或看法

How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ? ( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况

How about the weather in Hainan Island ?

How about your parents ? Are they living with you ?

( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文

I’m forty years old . How about you ?

I’m from Beijing . How about you ?

3. receive 收到 The girl was happy to many gifts on her birthday .

receive a letter from == get a letter from == heard from收到某人的信 I last Sunday .

== I my parents last Sunday .

== I my parents last Sunday .

accept 接受 He couldn’t our suggestions but our gifts . She was very glad to the invitation .

He didn’t a good education at university .

I an invitation to the party , but I refused to it .

4. a 6--year – old child 一个六岁的孩子

6--year – old 是由 “数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词, 作前置定语, 修饰后面的名词child .

数词+名词+形容词 构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：

a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩

a six-foot-deep hole 一个六英尺深的洞

a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子 a 100-meter race一场百米赛跑 a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房

a two-inch-thick dictionary一本两英寸厚的词典

5. too … to… 太…… 而不能 ……

too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式. 句子的主语与 动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for sb.

He is young join the army ( 军队) .

The maths problem is difficult for me work out . 表示否定意义的never \ not 和too … to… 连用时表达肯定一样. One is never old learn .

too … to… 可以与 enough to 和 so… that … 转换.

与enough to转换 时, enough 前的形容词, 副词必须是too 后面形容词, 副词的反义词, 并使用其否定句式.

She is too young to do the work .

== she is do the work .

与 so… that … 转换时, that 后面的从句要用否定形式.

Tom is too tired to walk any farther .

== Tom is tired he walk any farther .

6. cost 1) 动词 , 花费 \ 价值 (多少钱 )

How much did it

I didn’t buy it because it too much .

The meal us about 100 yuan .

(2 ) 名词 , 成本, 费用, 价钱. at all costs不惜任何代价; at the cost

of 以 …… 为代价.

Living are higher in cities than that in the country . We must stop it at all After the earthquake , the soldiers tried to reach the area at the of their lives .

7. pay , spend , cost , take 的区别

pay 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人. Sb. some money sth. I 5000 yuan the computer last week .

Spend 花费 ( 多少钱或时间 ),主语是人 sth. Sb. some time sth.

I 5000 yuan the computer last week .

She 2 hours her homework .

cost 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物. Sth. sb. some money . This jacket him 200 dollars .

take 花费 (时间 ),It takes sth .

花费某人多少时间做某事

How long does it take sb. sth ?

花费某人多少时间做某事?

It took It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school from home . It will take them 6 months the building . How long does it take him to plant the trees ?

8. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep

sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作. I am very tired . I want to

He for 12 hours yesterday . sleeping , Sleep 的现在分词, 表示 “ 正在睡觉”

Don’t make so much noise . The baby is They woke up girl and asked her where her parents were . sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的. I’d like to go to bed . asleep 睡着了的.

him behind after school .

Would you mind turning down the TV ? The baby is fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, 不能接一段时间

I couldn’t until it was very late last night . He listened to music and fell asleep .

be asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间 .

He was asleep for three hours .

9. choose 动词, “ 选择,挑选 ” , 过去式chose, 过去分词chosen

choose to do sth. 选择做某事

can’t Choose but 只得……

pick and choose 挑挑拣拣

There are many books to We mike as our leader ( 领导 ).

Will you help me a dictionary ?

Everyone 服从 ) .

It’s her habit (习惯 ) to while shopping .

10. present (1) 礼物, 礼品 == gift Why not give him a card as a what can I get him for a birthday ( 2 ) 目前, 现在 I’m sorry he is out You have to forget the past and start living 11. open ( 1 ) 动词, 打开 , 开业, 开张, 展现

It’s not right to other people’s letters .

Would you mind the window ?

The door to the south .

This factory in 1998.

( 2 ) 形容词, be open 开着的, 开放的

In his dream the flowers are all Most shops are closed but several are still On weekends the the public . close 动词, 关闭, 关上 , 合上

Please the door to keep the cold out . closed 形容词, be closed 关着的, 关闭的

when we got to the shop it 12 . give away 赠送 , 分发 give away sth to sb

Aunt Wang John gave away his notebook to me .

其它短语 give up 放弃 give back 归还 give off 放出, 发出(气味) give sth to sb == give sb. sth . 把某物给某人

13. rather than 而不是 …… 后面跟名词, 代词, 从句

The color seems green rather than blue .

If you ran rather than walked , you would have arrived earlier .

We depend on you rather than on him .

You should help them rather than they should help you .

rather than sth . 宁愿…… , 也不 …… She preferred rather than with us . He preferred music rather than games . Would rather sth than sth . 宁愿…… , 也不 ……

He would rather play than work .

I would rather the slowest train than there by air .

14. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反”

I didn’t go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a

football match on TV.

The boy didn’t sing to the music . Instead , he sang his own way . ( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作为代替, 而是”

Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead . I don’t like this one , please give me that instead .

instead of 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词, 介词短语.表示 “ 代替, 而不是” I have come instead of my brother . He is ill .

We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 电梯 ) . He studies in the evening instead of during the day .

15. enter (1) 参加 == take part in \ join

More than one thousand sportsmen the games .

My brother hopes to the army next year .

( 2 ) 进入 ==come into \ go into

She the room with these words .

Did you see someone the house ?

16. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 Parents should things by themselves . Our English teacher a dairy in English .

17. progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展” make progress “取得进步, 取得进展” My parents are pleased with my in lessons .

Tom is now at school .

They in the heavy snow .

18. suggest 动词, 建议, 提议. 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词和从句

she suggested a way out of the difficulty .

he suggested going home .

who suggested you staying here ?

I suggested we ( should ) hold a meeting .

19. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣

否定表达是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事不感兴趣

Do you English ?

Most children computer games .

He basketball .

be \ become interested in ( doing ) sth对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣

I deeply She she was only 7 years old .

20. Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .

提到了三种提高英语的好方法.

of improving English是介词短语作定语修饰ways . 它相当与 动词不定式.

Three good ways English are mentioned .

=== Three good ways English are mentioned .

Can you find a way the problem ?

==Can you find a way the problem ?

Fast is another way quick .

== Fast is another way quick .

Mention (1) 动词, “ 提到, 提及, 说起 ”

as mentioned above 如上所述

He often his past to me .

Nobody anything to me about it .

Did she where she was going ?

You in your letter that you might be moving abroad . to learn English well . ( 2 ) 名词, “ 提及, 说起 ”

The newspaper made no of him .

21. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友

Would you like to us ?

I find it difficult to Ben .

二. 形容词、 副词

一、形容词

（一）形容词的含义：表示人或事物的特征、性质、状态的词叫形容词。

（二）形容词的用法及位置：

1．作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。

The nice girl is my sister .

I have something important to tell you .

2. 少数形容只能作表语不能作定语：alone , afraid , ill , asleep , awake , alive , well 。

3.作表语，放在系动词之后。 He looks happy .

4. 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make , leave , keep 等动词连用。 You must your eyes Don’t your hands 5. 某些形容词放在定冠词the之后，表示一类人。常见的词有：good , bad , rich , poor ,

young , old , deaf , blind , black , white , living , dead 。

should be polite to

Please don’t laugh at 6. 某些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式（to + 动词原形）： glad , happy , pleased

be sorry , sad , sure , kind + to do sth .

ready , afraid , able

easy , difficult

(三) 形容词比较级和最高级的构成：

1．规则变化

（1）一般情况，直接在词尾加er \ est 。

(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾时， 加 r \ st 。

（3）以“辅音字母 +y ”结尾时， 把y变为 i ，再加er \ est 。

( 4) 部分形容词，先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er \ est 。

big , hot, fat , thin , red ,

(5) 部分形容词， 在前面加 more \ most 。

beautiful , careful , important , delicious , difficult , dangerous

(6) 以ly结尾的形容词，在前面加more \ most 。

friendly(友好的) , lonely（孤独的） , lovely（可爱的）

Likely（有希望的） , daily （日常的）, lively （有生气的）

2. 不规则变化

good \ well --- better--- best many \ much --- more--- most bad \ ill --- worse --- worst little --- less --- least

far ---farther (较远的) \ further (进一步的) ---farthest (最远的) \ furthest （最大程度的）

old ---older(年纪较大的) \ elder（年纪最大的）---oldest（较年长的）\ eldest (最年长的)

(四) 形容词原级的用法：

1．说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原形。

The flowers in the garden are 2. 有表示程度的副词very , so , too, enough , quite 等修饰时，用形容词原形。 The boy is too young .

3.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时，用形容词原形。

肯定句：A + 动词 + as + 形容词原形 + as + B 。

English is as interesting as Chinese .

Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim .

否定句：A + 动词 + not as \ so+ 形容词原形 + as + B 。

This book is not as \ so new as that one .

I am not so careful as Lucy .

否定句的结构相当于 A + 动词 + less + 形容词原形 + than + B 。 He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English .

4. 表示“A 是B 的几倍”： A +动词+ 倍数+ as + 形容词原形 + as + B 。 Our school is three times as big as theirs .

This table is twice as long as that one .

5．“A + 动词 +Half + as + 形容词原形 +as + B”表示“A是B的一半” Her room is half as big as yours .

(五)、形容词比较级的用法：

1Lily’s room is bigger than mine .

This mooncake is nice than that one .

2． 有表示程度的副词a little , a bit , a few , a lot , much , even , still ,

Far , rather , any 等修饰时，用形容词比较级。

I feel even worse now . It is much colder today than before .

3. 表示两者之间“哪一个更、、、”

Who is taller , L i Ming or Wang Tao ?

Which sweater is more beautiful , the yellow one or the pink one ?

4. 表示“几倍于、、、、、、”时， 用“”

I am three years older than you .

5．表示“两者之间较、、、、、、的一个”，常用 “结构 。

Mary is the taller of the twins .

6. 表示“越来越、、、、、、”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“ ”，多音节

词和部分双音节词用“more and more +形容词原形 ”

It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring .

Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful .

7. 表示“越、、、、、、就越、、、、、、”时，用“the +比较级 , the +比较级 ”

The harder he works , the richer he is .

The more we get together , the happier we’ll be .

(六)、形容词最高级的用法：

1．三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词

the , 句末常跟一个in \ of 短语来表示范围。

He is of the three boys .

Shanghai is the biggest city in china .

2. 表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一个最、、、、、、？”用句型：

Which \ who is + the + 最高级 , A , B , or C ?

Which city is the most beautiful , Beijing , Shanghai or Fuzhou ?

3. 表示“最、、、、、、的、、、、、、之一” 时，用句型：

主语 + is + one of the +形容词最高级 +名词复数 。

Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers .

4. 形容词最高级前面可加序数词，表示“第几大 / 长 / 高 等”

Changjiang River is the first longest river in China .

5. 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用the 。

This is our last lesson . Yesterday was his busiest day .

6. 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。

Li Lei is the tallest student in his class .

== Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class .

== Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class .

== Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class .

==No one is as tall as Li Lei in his class .

==No one is taller than Li Lei in his class .

== Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class . == Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class .

（七）、--ing 形容词与--ed 形容词：

--ing 形容词表示“令人、、、、、、的”， 表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。如：surprising（令人惊讶的） , exciting （令人兴奋的）, interesting（有趣的） 等。--ed 形容词表示“感到、、、、、、的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人：sb. + be +--ed 形容词 + 介词短语 。 如：surprised(感到惊讶的) , excited（感到兴奋的） ,

Interested（感到有趣的） 等。

We are all excited about the exciting news .

（八）在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。

China is larger than country in Asia .( 在同一范围内) China is larger than any country in Africa . (在不同范围内)

二、副词：用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念，主要修饰动词、形容词、其它副词

或整个句子。

（ 一）．副词的分类：

1．时间副词：now , then , today , tomorrow , yesterday , before , ago , soon ,

Immediately , lately , early ,sometimes , often , always , usually , already , Yet , ever , never , seldom 。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志，需牢记。

2．地点副词：outside , inside , upstairs , here , there , home , near , away , In , back , off , up , anywhere 。

3．方式副词：quickly , happily , loudly , suddenly , luckily , badly , easily , fast , again 。方式副词大多由“形容词 +y ”构成。

4．程度副词：very , quite , rather , too , much , so .

5． 疑问副词：when , where , why , how long , how soon , how often , How far . 疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。

6．关系副词：when , where , why , how 等。关系副词常用来引导从句。

（一）副词的用法：

1．作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子。

Please listen to me The boy is young . he was not badly hurt .

2. 作表语，表示方位上的变化： My father will be in a week .

3. 作宾语补足语。 Let him please .

(三) 副词的位置：

1．一般副词作状语时，放在谓语动词之后，如果谓语动词之后带有宾语，则放在宾语后。

We all study He is drawing a horse 2. 频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。

He is late for school .

I often go to see my grandparents on Sunday .

3. 某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句子之前。

Suddenly he had a good idea .

4. enough 修饰形容词或副词时，要放在形容词或副词的后面。

The boy is old enough to go to school .

He got up early enough to catch the train .

（四） 副词比较级、最高级的用法：

1．副词比较级、最高级的构成方法和形容词比较级、最高级的构成方法基本相同。

2．表示“A不如B”时，使用：形+ as+ B .

还可使用：Bill did do his homework Jim .

==Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim .

3. 副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the 。

Lin Tao did best in English of all .

（五）易混词辨析：

1. hard , hardly

hard意为“努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副词。

hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定副词。

As students , we should study hard .

I can hardly catch up with you , can you walk slowly ?

2. too , also , either

too一般用于肯定句，常放在句尾；also常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词

之前；either用于否定句，常放在句尾。

You are a student . I am a student , too.

They are also students . I don’t like the film , either .

5. too , enough , so

too 表示 “太，很”, too …to … 表示“太、、、、、、而不能、、、、、、”

enough表示“足够”， “形容词 / 副词+ enough to…”表示“足够、、、、、、能、、、、、、”。

so表示“如此”， “so … that …”表示“ 如此、、、、、、以致、、、、、、”

The man is too old to look after himself .

The boy runs fast enough to win the game .

The camera is so expensive that I can’t afford it .

6. already , yet

already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑问句末尾。

I have already finished my homework .

== I have finished my homework already.

Have you finished your homework yet ?

I haven’t had lunch yet .

Unit5 . What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

一.重要短语和句型

1. arrive (小地方) arrive (大地方)

reach 到达 get 到达

I Beijing last night . === I Beijing last night . == I Beijing last night . 如果宾语是副词here, there, home, 要把at \ in \ to省略:

arrive here \ there \ home

get here \ there \ home

2. in front of… 在 …… 的前面 (某一范围外的前面)

in the front of … 在 …… 的前面(某一范围内的前面)

There are some big trees the classroom building . I like sitting the taxi .

3. take off (1)起飞 When did the plane yesterday ?

(2) 脱下(衣帽等) He his coat as soon as he went into the room .

(3) 取消 They will the 5 am train .

4. get out (of ) … 从……离开\出去\下来

He tried to bed , but couldn’t .

A car stopped and a girl it .

但从汽车\火车\船\飞机\马匹上下来, 用get off … .

5．follow (1) 跟随 I him up the hill . 我跟着他上了山.

(2) 沿着……前进 this road until you get to the post office .

顺着这条路一直到邮局.

(3) 听懂,理解 Could you speak more slowly ? I can’t you .

(4 )follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事

Please 6. amazing 形容词,修饰名词 令人惊奇的, 令人惊讶的 what an amaze 动词 使某人惊讶 Your letter me .

be amazed at … 对…… 感到惊讶 Everyone the bad news .

7. shout at 大声喊叫 多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊

Don’t the little boy . He is too young . shout to 大声喊叫 多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊

We should him , or he can’t hear us .

8. happen 发生 具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生

(1 ) happen sth. 碰巧做某事

I one of my old friends in the park yesterday .

(2 ) sth happens sb. 某人发生了某事

last month .上个月他发生了交通事故.

take place发生 (1) 按计划进行或按计划发生

Great changes have in China in recent years .

最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.

(2 ) (运动\ 活动\会议等) 举行

The meeting will next Friday .

take the place of 代替, 取代

Plastics can sometimes wood and metal . 塑料有时能代替木材和金属.

take 坐某人的位置, 代替某人的职务.

Come to my seat is near the window .

9. anywhere 任何地方 常用于否定句或疑问句中.

Did you go last night ? You can’t get it somewhere 某个地方 用于肯定句

come and see me . Then we’ll go out everywhere 处处, 到处 === here and there

I can’t find my pen though I looked for it 10. silence 名词, 寂静 \ 无声

There’s nothing but in the room . 屋内寂静无声 .

Keep in 保持沉默.

silent 形容词, 沉默的, 寂静的

The old house was quite 这所老房子寂静无声.

The cat moved on feet . 那只猫无声地走动着.

11． hear 听到 Can you hear someone knocking at the door ?

(1) hear of 听说 , 后接表示人或物的词

I have never him before . 我以前从来没有听说过他. ( 2 ) hear about 听说, 后接表示事件的名词

I’ve just his illness .我刚刚听说他生病的事.

Have you the accident ? 你听说了那场事故吗? (3 ) hear from 收到某人的来信

I my daughter in New York yesterday .

我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信.

12. 主语 + be + one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 + in \ of 短语 .

…… 是……中最……的……之一.

This was one of the most important events in modern American history .

这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一.

Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in china .

13. experience (1)名词 经验, 不可数名词 ; 经历, 体验, 可数

名词

Have you had any of fishing ? 你有钓鱼的经验吗?

Could you tell us about your in Africa ? 你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?

(2) 动词 经历, 感觉

The children many difficulties this time .

这次孩子们经历了许多 困难.

experienced 形容词 有经验的

be experienced in \at sth. == have much experience in \ at doing sth.

做某事很有经验.

She is an teacher .他是一个经验丰富的教师.

He very cars . 他修车很有经验.

14. as … as … 和…… 一样… . 两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形.

He works she . 他和她一样工作认真.

She is her mother . 她和母亲一样高.

not as … as…. 不如某人…

he is he looks . 他不像看起来那么老.

She does run her brother .她不如她哥哥跑得那么快.

15. have fun == have a good\ great\ wonderful time ==enjoy oneself玩得开心,过得愉快

Did you have fun at the party ?

== Did you have a good\ great \ wonderful time ?

== Did you enjoy yourself ?

have fun sth.开心做某事 I’m just the guitar .

16． accident 事故, 意外遭遇 He was killed in an 他死于一起意外事故.

traffic accident 交通事故 Many people die in every year .

by accident 偶然, 意外地 We met at the airport 17． scared 恐惧的, 害怕的

afraid恐惧的, 害怕的 I’m very scared \ afraid . 我很害怕.

be scared \ afraid of sth 害怕某物 Are you scared \ afraid of snakes ?

be scared \ afraid to do sth害怕做某事

He out at night .

be scared \ afraid of doing sth害怕做某事

He out at night .

18. think about 考虑 (某个计划 ) They are moving to Beijing .

think of 认为 What do you the movie ?

=== how do you like the movie ?

你认为这部电影怎么样?

think over 仔细思考 We need a few days to this matter .

二. 感叹句.

1. what 引导的感叹句

(1) What a beautiful girl (she is ) ! 多么美的姑娘呀 !

(2) What a clever boy ( he is ) ! 多么聪明的男孩呀 !

(3) What interesting pictures ( they are ) ! 多么美的图片呀 !

(4) What tall buildings ( they are ) ! 多么高的楼呀 !

(5) What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多么可口的食物呀 !

(6) What bad weather ( it is ) ! 多么坏的天气呀 ! 规律: what + ( a\ an ) + 形容词 + 名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语) + !

名词为不可数名词或复数名词时, 形容词前面不能有a\ an .

2. how 引导的感叹句

(7) How heavy the box is ! 多么重的箱子呀!

How fast he runs ! 他跑得多快呀!

(8) How careful the girl is ! 多么细心的姑娘呀!

How well she plays the piano ! 她的钢琴弹得多好呀!

如果说明的是人或物, 两种感叹句可替换. ( 以上(1) 到(8) 句 )

三.过去进行时:

1．过去进行时的用法：

（1）过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

What you at 8:30 this morning ?

When I called him , he dinner .

(2) 过去某段时间正在进行的动作。

What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday ?

I was reading the whole morning yesterday .

(3) when \ while 引导的时间状语从句中，过去进行时的使用：

----- when \ while 当……的时候

While引导的从句中, 动词用过去进行时或表示状态的延续性动词 when引导的从句中, 动词用过去式

Mary was having dinner when I her .

While we stole our clothes .

The weather was fine while we While teacher came into the classroom .

--------while 然而, 可是

He likes reading I like dancing . 他喜欢看书而我喜欢跳舞. Tom is very confident Mary is shy and quiet .

Tom很自信可是Mary既腼腆又文静.

2．过去进行时的构成：

（1）肯定句：主语 + was \ were +动词ing形式 + 时间状语。

（2）否定句：主语 + was \ were + not + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语。

(3) 疑问句：was \ were + 主语 + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语 ？

肯定回答：Yes , 主语 + was \ were . 否定回答：No, 主语 + was \ were +

not .

3. 根据例子， 和词组提示，构成类似对话。

What doing last night ? working in the

office .

Were working in the office last night ?

Yes, I No , (1) Mr Zhang , make a model plane

(2) Wei Hua , play the piano , at 8:00 this morning

(3) the twins , play computer games , last night

(4) the smiths, watch TV , at noon yesterday